{"id":557,"date":"2021-02-13T22:23:29","date_gmt":"2021-02-13T19:23:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/?p=557"},"modified":"2021-02-13T22:32:27","modified_gmt":"2021-02-13T19:32:27","slug":"%d9%85%d9%84%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%84%d8%b3%d8%b7%d9%8a%d9%86-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/archives\/557","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 (1967-1982)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u062c\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0626\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


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*****<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0641\u064a 4 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1967\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629” \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 [\u0643\u0640]\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644”. [7]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064d \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c. [8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 “\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629”. [21] <\/sup><\/a> \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d “\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 [\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647] \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635”. [22]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u0651 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644”. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d “\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u064a\u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629”. [23] <\/sup><\/a> \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0646\u0651 “\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u064f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a”. [24]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062d\u064a\u0632\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064d \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0632\u062e\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f “\u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 (1968-1976)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0649 “\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633” \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a 22 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1975 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b: “\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0636\u062c\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b…\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623\u0647 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a”. [25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 “\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633” \u062b\u0642\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 “\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633” \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b – \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1975\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 1976 – \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0651\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062c\u062c “\u0645\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0632”\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064c \u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 “\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: “\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u064f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0641 [\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633] \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0630\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0651\u0629\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629”.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u064f\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 “\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0651\u0629” \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0632\u0629. \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064a\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629” \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064d \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 “\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 1968-1969 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648 “\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1974” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0635\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646” \u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. [27]<\/sup><\/a> \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0633\u0629\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064d \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 “\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645”. [34] <\/sup><\/a>\u0648\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u062d\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a “\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1974”. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 13 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0651\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b. [35]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u061b \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0642\u0651\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 “\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631”. [36]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0630 “\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u2026[\u0648] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064a…[\u0648] \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627  \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629. [37]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 1976 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u064a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u064e\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c [41] <\/sup><\/a>\u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 1976. [42]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c [43]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0641 “\u0645\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0632”\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629”. [44]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0621 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641”\u061b \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u064d \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0636\u062f\u0651\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 1968-1969 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u064f\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064d \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062f\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0631\u0651 “\u0645\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0646” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972. \u0641\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062c\u062c “\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0632” \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064d \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1971\u060c \u0625\u0630 “\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 [\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f]\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629”. [45]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u064d \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064d \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0627. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0645\u0639\u064d \u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 “\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u062a” \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 “\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646  \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a”. [46]<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f” \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f “\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 “\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0632” \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646”\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0636\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c “\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c” \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 1976 \u0631\u062f\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976. [48]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0644 “\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0632”:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641: \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 “\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f”<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 “\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u063a\u0646”\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a “\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u064a”\u060c \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a” \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064a\u064e \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629”. [51]<\/sup><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0650\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f “\u0628\u064a\u063a\u0646” \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064d \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064d\u0651 “\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b” \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 “\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 “\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629” \u0628\u064a\u0646 1976 \u0648 1978 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1981 \u0648 1982. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f “\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646” \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c [52]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0638\u0629\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a. [53]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 “\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646”\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 1977 \u0648 1978. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 “\u0628\u064a\u063a\u0646” \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 1980\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 1981. [54]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0646\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f\u064d \u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1972 \u0648 1976\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f  \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 -\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629- \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0622\u0628 1978\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c [55]<\/sup><\/a> \u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0646\u064e\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a 1968-1969 \u0648 1974 \u06481976 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629\u064c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u064c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 1981-1982 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*****<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] Gazit, Shlomo. \u201cEarly Attempts at Establishing West Bank Autonomy (the 1968 Case Study),\u201d Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, Vol. 3 (Summer 1980), p. 132.
[2] Maoz, Moshe. Palestinian Leadership on the West Bank: The Changing Role of Arab Mayors under Jordan and Israel. London: Frank Cass, 1984, p.63.
[3]  \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c “\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 55\u060c \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 1976\u060c \u0635 53.
[4]   Gazit, Shlomo. Trapped Fools: Thirty Years of Israeli policy in the Territories. London: Frank Cass, 2003, p. 189.
[5] \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a “\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631”. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0631 “\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 (\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629)” \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 32\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1974\u060c \u0635 33
[6]  \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c “\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629” \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 8\u060c \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1972\u060c \u0635 254
[7]  \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 1934-1974. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 1975\u060c \u0635 353
[8]  Dakkak, Ibrahim. \u201cBack to Square One: A Study in the Re-Emergence of the Palestinian Identity in the West Bank, 1967\u20131980.\u201d Palestinians over the Green Line: Studies on the Relations between Palestinians on Both Sides of the 1949 Armistice Line since 1969, edited by Alexander Scholch, Ithaca Press, 1983, p. 71.
[9]   Gazit, Trapped Fools, p. 194.
[10] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 196.
[11]<\/a>  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 196-197.
[12]   \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 197.
[13]  Gazit, \u201cEarly Attempts,\u201d pp. 147-148
[14]  \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a: Maoz, Palestinian Leadership, p. 100 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a: Middle East Record 1967-70, p. 282.
[15]  Gazit, \u201cEarly Attempts,\u201d p. 150.
[16]  Gazit, Trapped Fools, p. 202.
[17]  Maoz, Palestinian Leadership, p. 63
[18]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 103. \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 20-48.
[19]   \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629”\u060c \u0635 41-42.
[20] Maoz, Palestinian Leadership, p. 104.
[21]   \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629”\u060c \u0635 42.
[22]   \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 36.
[23]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 33.
[24]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.
[25] \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0640 “\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633” <\/strong>\u0641\u064a: \u0634\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c “\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629” \u0635 53.
[26]<\/a>  Maoz, Palestinian Leadership, p. 133\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628
[27]  \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c “\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629”\u060c \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 57\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1976\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 17 – 26
[28]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 18.
[29]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.
[30]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 20
[31]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.
[32]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.
[33]  \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0635 45.
[34]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 46.
[35]<\/a>  \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c “\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629”\u060c \u0635 23
[36]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 24.
[37]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 25.
[38]  \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c “\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629” \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 52\u060c\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1975\u060c \u0635 231-232
[39]  \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: Abdul Jawad Saleh, Israel\u2019s Policy of De-Institutionalization: a Case Study of Palestinian Local Governments. London: Jerusalem Center for Development Studies, 1987, p. 23.
[40]  \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649: \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 (\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629)” \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 57\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1976\u060c \u0635 47
[41]  \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 “\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u062a” \u0648”\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0632” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b.
[42]  \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a “\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1976” \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 67\u060c \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 1977.
[43]  \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643.
[44] Maoz, Palestinian Leadership, p. 63
[45]<\/a>  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 103.
[46] Gazit, Trapped Fools, p. 167.
[47]  \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u060c Maoz, Palestinian Leadership, p. 16
[48]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 125.
[49]  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.
[50] Seth Anziska, \u201cAutonomy as State Prevention: The Palestinian Question after Camp David, 1979-1982.\u201d Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development. 8:2, Summer 2017, pp.300-302
[51] Harvey Sicherman, Palestinian Self-Government (Autonomy): Its Past and its Future. Washington DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1991, pp. 5-6
[52] Salim Tamari, \u201cIn League with Zion: Israel\u2019s Search for a Native Pillar.\u201d Journal of Palestine Studies, 12.4, 1983, p. 44.
[53] Sahliyeh, Emile. In Search of Leadership: West Bank Politics since 1967. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1988, p. 82.
[54] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 83.
[55]  Tamari, \u201cIn League with Zion,\u201d p. 43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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