{"id":61940,"date":"2022-04-24T12:58:34","date_gmt":"2022-04-24T09:58:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/?p=61940"},"modified":"2022-04-24T13:06:41","modified_gmt":"2022-04-24T10:06:41","slug":"61940","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/archives\/61940","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 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\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 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\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0629 (\u062d\u0631\u0628 1967) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(4)<\/a>. \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648&#8221;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(5)<\/a>. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(6)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0634\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062c\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(7)<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(8)<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(9)<\/a>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627) \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1999\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(10)<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(11)<\/a>. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(12)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628&#8221;. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 25\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(13)<\/a>. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644&#8221;\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c. \u0641\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u062a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(14)<\/a>\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(15)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 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1991\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 242\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0628 1967<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(16)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0628 67. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 2002\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0636\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 194\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(17)<\/a>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0624\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(18)<\/a>\u061b \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221; \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649. \u0641\u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(19)<\/a>. \u0641\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0623\u064e\u0651\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(20)<\/a>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646(21). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2000) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627(22). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(23)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(24)<\/a>. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0646 18 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062c\u062f 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a 2017\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a26\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(26)<\/a>. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/li><li>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a).<\/li><li>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(32)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 &#8220;\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(33)<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0632\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(34)<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629)\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0639\u0628\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 (2008\u060c 2012\u060c 2014\u060c 2021)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u064e\u0651\u062c \u062c\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064048) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(35)<\/a>. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a (BDS)<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(36)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0645\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a37\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(37)<\/a>. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644 &#8220;\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644&#8221; \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 &#8220;\u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 (1989-1996)\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(38)<\/a>. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a39\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(39)<\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(40)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 (\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628. \u0641\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 -\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644- \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(41)<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(42)<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u064c\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a 1967\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u064e\u0651\u062a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2017<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(43)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064e\u0651 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a44\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(44)<\/a>. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a45\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(45)<\/a>. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a46\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(46)<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0650\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(47)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a48\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(48)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0644\u064d\u0651 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 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\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064048<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/article\/5358#a50\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(50)<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b 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\u0648\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647.<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/profile\/1467\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/profile\/1467\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u064f\u0651\u0648\u062f<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a 2020-2021\u060c \u06371 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c 2022)\u060c \u0635 11-12.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li><li>\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c 16 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2018\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 21 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rb.gy\/diokjz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/rb.gy\/diokjz<\/a><\/li><li>Michael B. Oren, Six Days of War, June 1967 and The Making of The modern Middle East. (New York, Oxford University Press, 2002), 308.<\/li><li>HILLEL, FRISCH. \u201cThe Demise of the PLO: Neither Diaspora nor Statehood.\u201d\u00a0Political Science Quarterly\u00a0127, no. 2 (2012): 241\u201361.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41503283\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41503283<\/a>.<\/li><li>Ibid<\/li><li>&#8220;\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627: \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c 13 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2019\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 6 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/prc.org.uk\/ar\/news\/446\/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/prc.org.uk\/ar\/news\/446\/\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627-\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627-\u0645\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646-\u0628\u0644-\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u00a0<\/li><li>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644&#8221;.<\/li><li>\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c &#8220;\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646-\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c 18 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2009\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 8 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zamanalwsl.net\/news\/article\/9258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.zamanalwsl.net\/news\/article\/9258<\/a><\/li><li>&#8220;\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2) \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1999 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0641\u064a\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 6 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100731140415\/http:\/muqtafi.birzeit.edu\/en\/pg\/getleg.asp?id=13141\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20100731140415\/http:\/\/muqtafi.birzeit.edu\/en\/pg\/getleg.asp?id=13141<\/a><\/li><li>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li><li>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c&#8221;\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u061f\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 9 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/info.wafa.ps\/ar_page.aspx?id=3998\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/info.wafa.ps\/ar_page.aspx?id=3998<\/a><\/li><li>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646&#8230; \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c 21 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 22 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rb.gy\/mu6mbt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/rb.gy\/mu6mbt<\/a><\/li><li>Ibid<\/li><li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 8 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 1991)\u060c \u0635 104.<\/li><li>\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 34 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c 2009)\u060c \u0635 16.<\/li><li>\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2021\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 5 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alzaytouna.net\/2021\/12\/14\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A-128-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81-%D8%A7\/#.YiQCIC-l1QI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alzaytouna.net\/2021\/12\/14\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a-128-\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641-\u0627\/#.YiQCIC-l1QI<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c 26 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2020\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627.<\/li><li>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0648\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0630\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u06372 (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c 2015)\u060c \u0635 180.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 27 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2021\u060c \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li><li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 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\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 26 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2017.<\/li><li>\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0631\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0643 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\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\/\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\/\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\/\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 11.<\/li><li>\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c 28 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2018.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li><li>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c 26 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2017\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 23 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rb.gy\/xb09sk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/rb.gy\/xb09sk<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li><li>\u00a0\u201cMinistry of Strategic Affairs and Public Diplomacy\u201d, Prime Minister\u2019s Office, August 1, 2019, \u201caccessed February 23, 2022,\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rb.gy\/t3vd0m\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/rb.gy\/t3vd0m<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li><li>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c 25 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2021\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 9 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alzaytouna.net\/2021\/05\/25\/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9\/#.Yii_qC-l1QI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.alzaytouna.net\/2021\/05\/25\/\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631-\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641-\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629\/#.Yii_qC-l1QI<\/a><\/li><li>\u00a0\u201cWhat is BDS\u201d, BDS, \u201caccessed February 23, 2022,\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bdsmovement.net\/what-is-bds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/bdsmovement.net\/what-is-bds<\/a><\/li><li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c 3 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2004\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 8 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/2004\/10\/03\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/2004\/10\/03\/\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f-\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629-\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 (BDS)\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629-\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c 16 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2016\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 5 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.masarat.ps\/article\/1783\/files\/content_files\/tqdyr_mwqf_lmqt_bd_lrhmn_bw_nhl.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.masarat.ps\/article\/1783\/files\/content_files\/tqdyr_mwqf_lmqt_bd_lrhmn_bw_nhl.pdf<\/a>\u00a0<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645- &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0643&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c 20 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2019\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 5 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BtbbPmP3orI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=BtbbPmP3orI<\/a><\/li><li>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631)\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c (\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2020)\u060c \u0635 24-25\u060c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.actionpal.org.uk\/ar\/reports\/special\/soul_searching_journey.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.actionpal.org.uk\/ar\/reports\/special\/soul_searching_journey.pdf<\/a>\u00a0<\/li><li>&#8220;\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0639\u0631\u062848\u060c 8 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 9 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arab48.com\/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA\/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1\/2022\/02\/08\/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.arab48.com\/\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\/\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\/2022\/02\/08\/\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631-\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f-\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646-\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/a><\/li><li>&#8220;\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c&#8221; \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c 2 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2017\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 9 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hamas.ps\/ar\/post\/7293\/%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/hamas.ps\/ar\/post\/7293\/\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 700 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 200 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 350 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627.<\/li><li>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c (\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c 2017)\u060c \u0635 55-56\u060c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.actionpal.org.uk\/ar\/reports\/special\/journeyofpainhope.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.actionpal.org.uk\/ar\/reports\/special\/journeyofpainhope.pdf<\/a><\/li><li>\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 6 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2012\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 9 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022):\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/reports\/2012\/11\/201211682923673950.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/studies.aljazeera.net\/ar\/reports\/2012\/11\/201211682923673950.html<\/a><\/li><li>\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1967. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 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