{"id":62941,"date":"2022-07-15T01:10:22","date_gmt":"2022-07-14T22:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/?p=62941"},"modified":"2022-07-15T01:10:24","modified_gmt":"2022-07-14T22:10:24","slug":"%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%88%d8%b6%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8-%d8%b5%d9%86%d8%af%d9%88%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/archives\/62941","title":{"rendered":"\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow 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\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/CR\/Issues\/2021\/07\/22\/Arab-Republic-of-Egypt-2021-Article-IV-Consultation-Second-Review-Under-the-Stand-By-462545\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/a>&#8220;\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.carnegieendowment.org\/images\/article_images\/ConsolidationOptions_Arabic-01.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2021\/11\/1\/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8-%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D9%2582-%25D9%2586%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2584-%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B9%25D9%2582%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA\/5517088\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/a>\u064c \u0623\u064f\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 80 \u0623 4 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 182 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2020\/6\/27\/%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2584%25D8%25B1%25D9%2581%25D8%25B9-%25D9%2583%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D9%2586%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582-%25D9%2588%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B5%25D9%258A%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25C3%2597-10\/4846071\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u061f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a&#8221; (\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\u00a02022)\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645: \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 3.0 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631&#8221; (\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2021)\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a&#8221; (\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019)\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d: \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; (\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016) \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646&#8221; (\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2015)\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633&#8221; (\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2015) \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629&#8221; (\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2014)\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629&#8221; (\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2013)\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629: \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631&#8221; (\u0622\u0628\/\u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2012)\u060c \u0648&#8221;&#8221;\u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628&#8221;: \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629&#8221; (2011)\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629&#8221; (\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>&nbsp;&#8220;\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631&nbsp;2020.<br>Creating Markets in Egypt: Country Private Sector Diagnostic,\u201d International Finance Corporation, December 21, 2020,&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201cArab Republic of Egypt: 2021 Article IV Consultation, Second Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Arab Republic of Egypt,\u201d International Monetary Fund, Country Report No. 2021\/163, July 22, 2021,&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>3<\/sup>&nbsp;\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u064a\u063a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u061f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631-\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c 31 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2022\/01\/31\/ar-pub-86266\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2022\/01\/31\/ar-pub-86266<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>4<\/sup>&nbsp;\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u064a\u063a\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631-\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c 24 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/86242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/diwan\/86242<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>5<\/sup>&nbsp;\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u064a\u063a\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c&nbsp;14&nbsp;\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2019\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>6<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201cArab Republic of Egypt: 2021 Article IV Consultation, Second Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Arab Republic of Egypt,\u201d International Monetary Fund, Country Report No. 2021\/163, July 22, 2021,&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>7<\/sup>&nbsp;&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c 3 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>8<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201cArab Republic of Egypt: 2021 Article IV Consultation, Second Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Arab Republic of Egypt,\u201d International Monetary Fund, Country Report No. 2021\/163, July 22, 2021,&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>9<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201c2021 Fiscal Transparency Report: Egypt,\u201d U.S. Department of State, June 25, 2021,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>10<\/sup>&nbsp;\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c 25 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>11<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0646\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0633\u0641\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c 29 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>12<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u060c&nbsp;15&nbsp;\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631&nbsp;2021\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>13<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c &#8220;\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642&#8221; \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 16 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021\u060c&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>14<\/sup>&nbsp;\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u064a\u063a\u060c &#8220;\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0648\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629\u061f&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c 7 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\/\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2020\/04\/07\/ar-pub-81488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/carnegie-mec.org\/2020\/04\/07\/ar-pub-81488<\/a>. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627:<br>Abdel Latif Wahba, \u201cEgypt Could See Military-Owned Firms List on Bourse in 2022,\u201d Bloomberg, January 17, 2022,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bloom.bg\/35O49CZ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/bloom.bg\/35O49CZ<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>15<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201c2021 Fiscal Transparency Report: Egypt,\u201d U.S. Department of State, June 25, 2021,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>16<\/sup>&nbsp;M. Ayhan Kose, Peter Nagle, Franziska Ohnsorge, and Naotaka Sugawara, \u201cGlobal Waves of Debt: Causes and Consequences,\u201d World Bank Group, December 23, 2019,&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>17<\/sup>&nbsp;\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c 17 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2021\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>18<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201cArab Republic of Egypt: 2021 Article IV Consultation, Second Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Arab Republic of Egypt,\u201d International Monetary Fund, Country Report No. 2021\/163, July 22, 2021,&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>19<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 11 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1991 \u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>20<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 165 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2020 \u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>21<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c 1 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2021\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>22<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201cEgypt \u2013 Public Land Management Strategy: Policy Note,\u201d World Bank, June 15, 2006,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>23<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 143 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1981 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0646 152 \u0648153 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2001 \u0639\u0644\u0649&nbsp;&nbsp;\u0648&nbsp;\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>24<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 37 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c 25 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>25<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201cArab Republic of Egypt: Egypt Public Land Management Strategy,\u201d World Bank, Volume 1: Policy Note, June 15, 2006,; \u201cArab Republic of Egypt: Urban Sector Update,\u201d World Bank, Report No. 44506-EG, June 30, 2008,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>26<\/sup>&nbsp;&#8220;Cement companies request return to operating with natural gas, and Egypt seeks to borrow $440 million from the World Bank,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Economy Plus<\/em>, September 8, 2021.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/economyplusme.com\/75191\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/economyplusme.com\/75191\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>27<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 182 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2018 \u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>28<\/sup>&nbsp;\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c 8 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>29<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201cArab Republic of Egypt: 2021 Article IV Consultation, Second Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Arab Republic of Egypt,\u201d International Monetary Fund, Country Report No. 2021\/163, July 22, 2021,&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>30<\/sup>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a&nbsp;x&nbsp;10 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c 27 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\/\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c 5 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021\u060c&nbsp;. \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627: &#8220;\u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a 17 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022\u060c&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>31<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201cArab Republic of Egypt: 2021 Article IV Consultation, Second Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Arab Republic of Egypt,\u201d International Monetary Fund.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>32<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1769 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2020 \u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>33<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u060c &#8220;&#8221;\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 24 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2020\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>34<\/sup>&nbsp;Ehab al-Naggar, \u201cGeneral Intelligence Service Gains Permission to Establish Companies After Unanimous Vote in House,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Mada Masr<\/em>, February 23, 2022, http:\/\/bitly.ws\/pGma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>35<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 244 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2018 \u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>36<\/sup>&nbsp;&#8220;\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a 17 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022\u060c. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627: \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621&#8221;&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c 27 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2019\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>37<\/sup>&nbsp;&#8220;\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a 17 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2022\u060c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>38<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1196 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2015 \u0639\u0644\u0649&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>39<\/sup>&nbsp;Sarah El Deeb and Maggie Michael, \u201cIn Egypt, a Corruption Watchdog, Hit by Backlash,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Yahoo News<\/em>, April 18, 2014,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/yhoo.it\/34t6WAC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/yhoo.it\/34t6WAC<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>40<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0628\u0643\u060c &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628\u0647\u0645&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0635\u0629\u060c 11 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\/\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2015\u060c&nbsp;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>41<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201c2021 Fiscal Transparency Report: Egypt,\u201d U.S. Department of State, June 25, 2021,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>42<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifc.org\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/6b42349b-daaf-453a-9f78-2904e5e0b3a2\/CPSD-Egypt-AR.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&amp;CVID=npT2c1I\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a>&nbsp;\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629&#8221;. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/manshurat.org\/node\/1501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645&nbsp;45&nbsp;\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629&nbsp;2011<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2011\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 &#8220;\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\/\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631&nbsp;2020\u060c&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/bitly.ws\/pGmj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/bitly.ws\/pGmj<\/a>\u061b \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645&nbsp;45&nbsp;\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629&nbsp;2011&nbsp;\u0639\u0644\u0649&nbsp;https:\/\/manshurat.org\/node\/1501.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>43<\/sup>&nbsp;\u201cFaced with Cairo\u2019s Military Grip on Industry, HeidelbergCement Files for Arbitration,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Africa Intelligence<\/em>, November 9, 2021,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>44<\/sup>&nbsp;Khalid Ikram,&nbsp;<em>The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt: Issues and Policymaking Since 1952<\/em>&nbsp;(London: I.B.Tauris, 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>45<\/sup>\u201cArab Republic of Egypt Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Arab Republic of Egypt,\u201d International Monetary Fund, Volume 2020: Issue 271, September 1, 2020,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>46<\/sup>&nbsp;Andrea Shalal and David Lawder, \u201cAnalysis World Bank, IMF Face Long-term Damage After Data Rigging Scandal,\u201d&nbsp;<em>Reuters<\/em>, October 4, 2021,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/reut.rs\/3gp0ey9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/reut.rs\/3gp0ey9<\/a>; Eric Martin and Martha Viotti Beck, \u201cGeorgieva-Led IMF Bowed to Brazil by Softening Climate Warning,\u201d Bloomberg, October 8, 2021,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bloom.bg\/3Hnv725\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/bloom.bg\/3Hnv725<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><sup>47<\/sup>&nbsp;Xue Gong, \u201cChinese Mining Companies and Local Mobilization in Myanmar,\u201d Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, January 25, 2022,.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a: \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f. \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0627\u064a\u063a \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635: \u00a0\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 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