{"id":64098,"date":"2022-08-25T09:30:52","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T06:30:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/?p=64098"},"modified":"2022-08-25T09:34:13","modified_gmt":"2022-08-25T06:34:13","slug":"%d8%a5%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%88%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%85%d9%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/archives\/64098","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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    1. \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a(5)<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b.<\/li>
    2. \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a)(6)<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n
      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627: \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a “\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994 \u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 800 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 30 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0631(7)<\/a>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 2019 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (World Bank Doing Business index\/2019)\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 29 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (76.48 \u0645\u0646 100) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a Ease of doing business score(8)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d Zero tolerance policy \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0646\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u064f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0636\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 200 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627: “\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f”. “\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646”(16)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648”\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f”(17)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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      \n
      \"\"
      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

      \u062f. \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a <\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (1) \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Democracy, Council of Europe,) visited:25 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/gLgg9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (2)- Kukutschka,- Roberto Martinez B. ,\u201cAnti-corruption strategies for authoritarian states”, Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, 20 May 2018, p.6) visited:25 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/3VN5E<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (3)- The World Fact Book, Government type,) visited:25 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/6Gvkt<\/a>) visited:25 June 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (4) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0640\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f”: \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u060c 22 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2017\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 25 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022)\u060c https:\/\/2u.pw\/KuKMO<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (5)- Kukutschka,- Roberto.Ibid. p.p.6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (6)- Ibid,p.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (7)- Reuchamps , Min What Justice for Rwanda? Gacaca versus Truth Commission?, Working Papers in African Studies, no. 259, (2008), pp.6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (8)- World Bank: World Bank Doing Business index\/2019, Ease of doing business score,) visited:25 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/Kn0Pd<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (9)- The World Fact Book, Rwanda, (visited:25 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/Hkgu2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (10)- Rwanda votes to give President Paul Kagame right to rule until 2034,The Guardian,20 Dec, 2015 (visited:25 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/Csvc0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (11)- Freedom in The World 2022 , Rwanda, Freedom House, (visited:22 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/N58KN<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (12) \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 “\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0646”\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Bozzin, Alessandro , The Unlikely Achiever: Rwanda, in , Pippidi ,Alina Mungiu (ed.) , The Anticorruption Frontline, The Anticorruption Report 2, (Barbara Budrich Publishers Opladen , Berlin , Toronto 2014),p.41<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (13) \u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646.. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u060c 7 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2019\u060c (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644: 25 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022)\u060c https:\/\/2u.pw\/zcVDh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (14) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Bozzin, Alessandro , Ibid,p.p.40-41<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (15)- The world Bank: Republic of Rwanda Rwanda’s Anti-Corruption Experience: Actions Accomplishments, and Lessons, Report No: ACS29873, June 2020, p.6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (16)- Transparency International Rwanda, Rwanda Bribery Index, 2021, p.6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (17)-Wannenwetsch, Scarlet, Rwanda\u2019s \u201czero tolerance for corruption\u201d set to continue, with bankers poised to play an important role, Basel Institute Governance, 14. August 2017, (visited:22 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/FZs0X<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (18)- The world Bank: Republic of Rwanda Rwanda’s Anti-Corruption Experience: Actions Accomplishments, and Lessons , Report No: ACS29873, June 2020, p.p.4-5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (19)- The World Bank, World Development Indicators, Rwanda 2012-2021, (visited:22 June 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (20) \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a “\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0633”\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 180 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648100 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Transparency International, The ABCS of the CPI: How the Corruption Perceptions Index is Calculated, the Global Coalition Against Corruption. (visited:22 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/XI8mn<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (21)- Transparency International, CPI 2021 For Sub-Saharan Africa: Amid Democratic Turbulence , Deep-Seated Corruption Exacerbates Threats to Freedoms. (visited:22 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/adWMk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      And see also<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Transparency International, Corruption Perceptions Index, (visited:22 June 2022) https:\/\/2u.pw\/xckxU<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (22)- Bozzin, Alessandro, Ibid, p. 48<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      (23)- Ibid,p.49<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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