{"id":64720,"date":"2022-09-23T16:25:28","date_gmt":"2022-09-23T13:25:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/?p=64720"},"modified":"2022-09-23T16:42:11","modified_gmt":"2022-09-23T13:42:11","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%af%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/archives\/64720","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 .. \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background:linear-gradient(200deg,rgb(255,245,203) 64%,rgb(182,227,212) 90%,rgba(51,181,114,0.44) 100%)\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>{\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0637\u064f\u0647\u064f 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is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>&nbsp;\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064e \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0622\u0643\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064e\u0647.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d&nbsp;\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0644\u0647<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 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src=\"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-64724\" srcset=\"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f.jpg 800w, https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f-768x327.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627: \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a &#8220;\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0622\u062e\u0631&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062c\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/strong>: \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627: &#8220;\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[3]<\/a>. \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a>.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8230;\u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0621<\/strong>: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8211; \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 -: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u00bb \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a \u00ab\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 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\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a>:-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 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target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645: &#8220;\u0641\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a 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srcset=\"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f-\u0645\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646.jpg 800w, https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f-\u0645\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f-\u0645\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646-768x495.jpg 768w, https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/\u062f\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f-\u0645\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646-210x136.jpg 210w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 (usury) \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629(interest)&nbsp;\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u062e\u0631 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\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0635\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 4% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 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\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 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\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 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\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0634\u0628\u0647\u0629: \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636 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target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a>.<\/li><li><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633<\/strong>: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a &#8221; \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a>&nbsp;&#8220;\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a 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target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 &#8220;\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c 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\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u063a\u0635\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn37\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u063a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0644: &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629 ..&#8221;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn39\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[39]<\/a>\u060c &nbsp;\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[40]<\/a>\u060c &nbsp;\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[41]<\/a>. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u062d\u062c\u062c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_edn43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[42]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 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\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a 14-15 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2015. &nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u0645\u0635\u0631: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 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\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c 1966\u0645\u060c \u062c 4\u060c \u0635 184.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0630\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f \u062a\u060c \u062c 2\u060c \u0635 21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u060c 1349\u0647\u0640\u060c \u062c 11\u060c \u0635 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644. &#8220;\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c 1999\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c 1979\u0645\u060c \u0635 95-96.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062c 2\u060c \u0635 155.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642. \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c1981\u0645\u060c \u0635 74\u061b \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627. \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1970\u0645\u060c \u0635 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c 1976\u0645\u060c \u0635 212.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0632. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643\u060c 2014\u0645\u060c \u0635 192- 198.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 1996\u0645\u060c \u0635 181- 184.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 &#8220;\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645&#8221; \u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[15]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627. \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1970\u0645\u060c \u0635 61-62.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[16]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0642\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c 1992\u0645\u060c \u062c 1\u060c \u0635 324.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[17]<\/a>&nbsp;\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b &#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0640\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0640\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0628\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[18]<\/a>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 350 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[19]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[20]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644. &#8220;\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a). \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 16\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2003\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1970\u0645\u060c \u0635 178-180\u061b \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 212-213\u060c \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u062c\u062f\u0629: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c 1982\u0645\u060c \u0635 19-29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[21]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[22]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref24\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[23]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[24]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref26\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[25]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649. \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c \u0637 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref27\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[26]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641. &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[27]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[28]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[29]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[30]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0642. &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635 162.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref32\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[31]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c 163.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[32]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635 136.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[33]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 143.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[34]<\/a>&nbsp;\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647. &#8220;\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635 75- 109.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;[35]&nbsp;\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0646\u0628\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 1984\u0645\u060c \u062c 1\u060c \u0635 318.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref37\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[36]<\/a>&nbsp;\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 80.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[37]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c 1997\u0645\u060c \u0635 217- 239.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref39\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[38]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 230.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[39]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629. &#8220;\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0635 159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[40]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 51.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref42\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[41]<\/a>&nbsp;\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 75.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cilecenter.org\/ar\/resources\/articles-essays\/alrba-walfaydt-byn-alfqh-walaqtsad#_ednref43\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">[42]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0645\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 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