{"id":66238,"date":"2022-12-28T12:14:40","date_gmt":"2022-12-28T09:14:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/?p=66238"},"modified":"2022-12-28T12:15:30","modified_gmt":"2022-12-28T09:15:30","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%a8%d8%b1-10-%d9%83%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%ab-%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/albaboor.com\/ar\/archives\/66238","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.. \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 10 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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1- \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064c \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Live Science<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1869.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a 21 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064015 \u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06407.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 17 \u064833 \u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 9 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 Smithsonian<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a 144 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 116 \u0637\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 Independent <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u062d\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u064d \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 18 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 BBC <\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u062a 10 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 1976\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a Industrie Chimiche Meda Societ\u00e0 Azionaria (ICMESA)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0649 2\u060c4\u060c5-Trichlorophenol\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0650\u0645\u064e\u062a \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 TCDD \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 6 \u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0648\u0651\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a “Hoffmann-La Roche”\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639” Environment and Society<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0630\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 600 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2000 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064f\u0651\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064c \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a 26 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 1986\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0634\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 12 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u06404 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 8 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0640100 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 200 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 “\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Live Science \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- \u063a\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633 “Asbestos<\/a>“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064019\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919 \u0623\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064d \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 WR Grace & Company \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 400 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 3000 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 Grace & Co \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 43 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1300 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u064d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 200 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5- \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0651 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u064e\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 Deepwater Horizon\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064f\u0651\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a 20 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2010\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 Deepwater Horizon\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 11 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 4 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 87 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a 15 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2010\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 210 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 954 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0631) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064e\u0651\u0628\u064e\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0631\u064e \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 70 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 181 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

6- \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 2 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1984\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 30 \u0637\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 The Atlantic \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 600 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 3800 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 15 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7- \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0648\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 “\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a” \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0626\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 155 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b (250 \u0643\u0645) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a 28 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2006\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064f\u0641\u0650\u0631\u064e\u062a \u0628\u0626\u0631\u064c \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u062f\u0645 (3 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0631). \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 6.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u0629 (180 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 40 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0631\u062a 15 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 NASA Earth Observatory<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8- \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064e\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0646 70% \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u063a\u0648\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 270 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5.8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u0628\u064a\u0646 700 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u064815 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639)\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 50 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9- \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 24 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/a> \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0643\u064c\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10- \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064013 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2005\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645 101 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 6 \u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 70 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 World Atlas<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0637\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 100 \u0625\u0644\u0649 200 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 110 \u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 (100 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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